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SYMBOL ELEMENTS, AND EQUAL REACTION CHEMICAL FORMULA
A. ELEMENT SYMBOL
Writing lambing elements are known in the Middle Ages by John Dalton (1810) make a very simple symbol is still unsure as essentially a circle.
Along with the discovery of the element JJ Bezelius (1779-1848) made the symbol of an element is used as the basis for writing lambing unsure until now, provided that:
1 Coat element consisting of a single letter, it should penulisanya with capital letters.
2 Coat element consisting of the two letters, then penulisanya with capital letters on the first letter and lower case for the second. Example lambing elements:
No Coat Elements
(Indonesia) Element Symbol
(Latin) Coat
1 Oxygen = Oxygenium = O
2 Carbon = Carbonium = C
3 Hydrogen = Hydrogenium = H
4 Calcium = Calcium = Ca
5 sodium = Sodium = Na
6 Magnesium = Magnesium = Mg
7 Helium = Helium = He
8 Iodine = Iodine = I
Neon Neon = 9 = Ne
Argentum Silver = 10 = Ag
B. CHEMICAL FORMULA
Chemical formulas of substances declared types and relative amounts of atoms contained in the substance. The numbers declared the number of atoms of an element in a chemical formula is called the index number. Chemical formulas of substances can be molekulatau formula empirical formula.
1 Molecular Formula
The molecular formula is a formula that states the number of atoms of the elements that make up a molecule compounds. So the molecular formula stating actual arrangement of the molecules of the substance.
Example:
a. The molecular formula of water is H2O, which means in a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
b. Molecular formula of glucose C6H12O6 which means in one glucose molecule contained 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms.
2 Empirical formula
The empirical formula is a formula that states the smallest ratio of atoms of the elements that make up a compound. Its chemical formula is an empirical formula of ionic compounds.
Example:
(A) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of ions Na + and Cl-ions in the ratio 1: 1. The chemical formula of sodium chloride is NaCl.
(B) Calcium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of ions and ion Ca2 + Cl - with a ratio of 2: 1. The chemical formula of calcium chloride CaCl2.
At ambient conditions, most of the elements that make up the existing molecules. Chemical formula such elements not described only by the chemical symbol, but the elements along with the number of atoms that make up molecules of the element.
Example:
(A) The chemical formula of oxygen gas is O2, the chemical formula of the gas oksigenterdiri oxygen molecules built by two atomoksigen.
(B) The chemical formula of phosphorus is P4, the phosphorus chemical formula consisting of molecules of phosphorus per molecule formed of four phosphorus atoms.
All compounds have the empirical formula. Molecular compounds have a molecular formula other than the empirical formula. In many compounds, the same molecular formula empirical formula. Only ionic compounds have empirical formulas. Thus, all compounds that have the molecular formula, certainly has the empirical formula. However, the compound has the empirical formula, not necessarily having the molecular formula.
C. EQUAL REACTION
Equation is defined as an equation that expressed equal amounts of substances involved in a chemical reaction using chemical formulas. In a chemical reaction reagents are substances and substances hasilreaksi. In writing equation reagent chemical formula written on the left and the formula of the reaction is written on the right. Between the two sides were connected by arrows (→) which states the direction of chemical reactions.
Example:
Magnesium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form magnesium chloride. Write the equation. The equation Mg + Cl2 → MgCl2
Balance Equation Reaction
An equation is said is true if it meets the laws of chemistry, the substances involved in the reaction must be equal, both the number of agents and cargo. Before you write the correct equation, first write the skeleton equation.
Skeleton equation for this reaction is
Na + Cl2 → NaCl
Is the equation is equivalent to the number of atoms? The equation is not equivalent to the reaction because there is a chlorine atom, while the reagent there are two chlorine atoms in a molecule Cl2. To balance the equation, which of the following is correct?
a. Changing reagent into chlorine atoms, the equation becomes:
Na + Cl → NaCl
b. Changing the reaction becomes NaCl2, and the equation becomes:
Na + Cl2 → NaCl2
Both equations seem equivalent, but both ways are not correct, change the facts because the experimental results. Chlorine gas is reacted in the form of molecules that diatoms have
molecules remain as diatoms. Similarly, the reaction proceeds in the form of NaCl not NaCl2. Thus, the second equation is not appropriate Fixed Comparative Law.
The correct way to balance the equation is to add a number in front of each chemical formula with the corresponding number. Numbers are added is called the coefficient of the reaction. So, the correct way to balance the equation is to determine the value of the coefficient of the reaction.
The steps are as follows.
a. Because there are two Cl atoms that react then dab the number 2 in front of NaCl. Skeleton equation becomes:
Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
b. The number of Cl atoms on the left and right of the equation is equivalent to (the left and right contain 2 atoms Cl).
c. On the right number of atoms Na to 2, while the left-hand side is only 1 atom. For menyetarakannya, add the number 2 in front of the symbol of the element Na so the equation becomes:
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
In this way, the number of atoms on the left the same as on the right. Thus, the equations are equivalent.
Examples equalize the equation as:
1 Balance simple equation
Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to gas dinitrogen tetroxide.
Write the equation.
Answer
Step I: write the skeleton equation.
N2 + O2 → N2O4
Step II: balance the equation framework to determine the coefficient
reaction. The equation becomes:
N2 + 2O2 → N2O4
Check if the number of atoms on both sides equally. If it is equal, complete
fasanya.
N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → N2O4 (g)
2 Balance equation rather complicated
Butane gas, C4H10 is used as fuel for gas stoves. Write the
combustion equation.
Answer
Combustion means reacting substance with oxygen gas. If burning
perfect will form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor.
Skeleton equation:
C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Balance atoms that are not used often. In case this is C or H
that can be compared simultaneously.
If C and H are equivalent, then, is to equalize the O atoms are often
appears.
Equalization C: C4H10 + O2 → 4CO2 + H2O
Equalization H: C4H10 + O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O
Equalization O: C4H10 + 13/2 O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O
To state equation must be integer coefficients (except for the calculation).
Thus, butane gas combustion equation:
2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) → 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (g)
Check whether the equation is equivalent?
For:
C the left = 8, C = 8 right-hand side
H the left = 20, right-hand side H = 20
O the left = 26, right = 26 O segment
Thus, the above equation is equal.
SYMBOL ELEMENTS, AND EQUAL REACTION CHEMICAL FORMULA
A. ELEMENT SYMBOL
Writing lambing elements are known in the Middle Ages by John Dalton (1810) make a very simple symbol is still unsure as essentially a circle.
Along with the discovery of the element JJ Bezelius (1779-1848) made the symbol of an element is used as the basis for writing lambing unsure until now, provided that:
1 Coat element consisting of a single letter, it should penulisanya with capital letters.
2 Coat element consisting of the two letters, then penulisanya with capital letters on the first letter and lower case for the second. Example lambing elements:
No Coat Elements
(Indonesia) Element Symbol
(Latin) Coat
1 Oxygen = Oxygenium = O
2 Carbon = Carbonium = C
3 Hydrogen = Hydrogenium = H
4 Calcium = Calcium = Ca
5 sodium = Sodium = Na
6 Magnesium = Magnesium = Mg
7 Helium = Helium = He
8 Iodine = Iodine = I
Neon Neon = 9 = Ne
Argentum Silver = 10 = Ag
B. CHEMICAL FORMULA
Chemical formulas of substances declared types and relative amounts of atoms contained in the substance. The numbers declared the number of atoms of an element in a chemical formula is called the index number. Chemical formulas of substances can be molekulatau formula empirical formula.
1 Molecular Formula
The molecular formula is a formula that states the number of atoms of the elements that make up a molecule compounds. So the molecular formula stating actual arrangement of the molecules of the substance.
Example:
a. The molecular formula of water is H2O, which means in a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
b. Molecular formula of glucose C6H12O6 which means in one glucose molecule contained 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms.
2 Empirical formula
The empirical formula is a formula that states the smallest ratio of atoms of the elements that make up a compound. Its chemical formula is an empirical formula of ionic compounds.
Example:
(A) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of ions Na + and Cl-ions in the ratio 1: 1. The chemical formula of sodium chloride is NaCl.
(B) Calcium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of ions and ion Ca2 + Cl - with a ratio of 2: 1. The chemical formula of calcium chloride CaCl2.
At ambient conditions, most of the elements that make up the existing molecules. Chemical formula such elements not described only by the chemical symbol, but the elements along with the number of atoms that make up molecules of the element.
Example:
(A) The chemical formula of oxygen gas is O2, the chemical formula of the gas oksigenterdiri oxygen molecules built by two atomoksigen.
(B) The chemical formula of phosphorus is P4, the phosphorus chemical formula consisting of molecules of phosphorus per molecule formed of four phosphorus atoms.
All compounds have the empirical formula. Molecular compounds have a molecular formula other than the empirical formula. In many compounds, the same molecular formula empirical formula. Only ionic compounds have empirical formulas. Thus, all compounds that have the molecular formula, certainly has the empirical formula. However, the compound has the empirical formula, not necessarily having the molecular formula.
C. EQUAL REACTION
Equation is defined as an equation that expressed equal amounts of substances involved in a chemical reaction using chemical formulas. In a chemical reaction reagents are substances and substances hasilreaksi. In writing equation reagent chemical formula written on the left and the formula of the reaction is written on the right. Between the two sides were connected by arrows (→) which states the direction of chemical reactions.
Example:
Magnesium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form magnesium chloride. Write the equation. The equation Mg + Cl2 → MgCl2
Balance Equation Reaction
An equation is said is true if it meets the laws of chemistry, the substances involved in the reaction must be equal, both the number of agents and cargo. Before you write the correct equation, first write the skeleton equation.
Skeleton equation for this reaction is
Na + Cl2 → NaCl
Is the equation is equivalent to the number of atoms? The equation is not equivalent to the reaction because there is a chlorine atom, while the reagent there are two chlorine atoms in a molecule Cl2. To balance the equation, which of the following is correct?
a. Changing reagent into chlorine atoms, the equation becomes:
Na + Cl → NaCl
b. Changing the reaction becomes NaCl2, and the equation becomes:
Na + Cl2 → NaCl2
Both equations seem equivalent, but both ways are not correct, change the facts because the experimental results. Chlorine gas is reacted in the form of molecules that diatoms have
molecules remain as diatoms. Similarly, the reaction proceeds in the form of NaCl not NaCl2. Thus, the second equation is not appropriate Fixed Comparative Law.
The correct way to balance the equation is to add a number in front of each chemical formula with the corresponding number. Numbers are added is called the coefficient of the reaction. So, the correct way to balance the equation is to determine the value of the coefficient of the reaction.
The steps are as follows.
a. Because there are two Cl atoms that react then dab the number 2 in front of NaCl. Skeleton equation becomes:
Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
b. The number of Cl atoms on the left and right of the equation is equivalent to (the left and right contain 2 atoms Cl).
c. On the right number of atoms Na to 2, while the left-hand side is only 1 atom. For menyetarakannya, add the number 2 in front of the symbol of the element Na so the equation becomes:
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
In this way, the number of atoms on the left the same as on the right. Thus, the equations are equivalent.
Examples equalize the equation as:
1 Balance simple equation
Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to gas dinitrogen tetroxide.
Write the equation.
Answer
Step I: write the skeleton equation.
N2 + O2 → N2O4
Step II: balance the equation framework to determine the coefficient
reaction. The equation becomes:
N2 + 2O2 → N2O4
Check if the number of atoms on both sides equally. If it is equal, complete
fasanya.
N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → N2O4 (g)
2 Balance equation rather complicated
Butane gas, C4H10 is used as fuel for gas stoves. Write the
combustion equation.
Answer
Combustion means reacting substance with oxygen gas. If burning
perfect will form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor.
Skeleton equation:
C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Balance atoms that are not used often. In case this is C or H
that can be compared simultaneously.
If C and H are equivalent, then, is to equalize the O atoms are often
appears.
Equalization C: C4H10 + O2 → 4CO2 + H2O
Equalization H: C4H10 + O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O
Equalization O: C4H10 + 13/2 O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O
To state equation must be integer coefficients (except for the calculation).
Thus, butane gas combustion equation:
2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) → 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (g)
Check whether the equation is equivalent?
For:
C the left = 8, C = 8 right-hand side
H the left = 20, right-hand side H = 20
O the left = 26, right = 26 O segment
Thus, the above equation is equal.
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