Democracy allows the people to determine their leaders through elections.
Democracy is a political form of government that government power comes from the people, either directly (direct democracy) or through representatives (representative democracy). [1] The term comes from the Greek δημοκρατία - (Demokratia) "people's power", [2] formed from the word δῆμος (Demos) "people" and κράτος (Kratos) "power", referring to the political system that emerged in the mid-5th and 4 BC in the ancient Greek city states, notably Athens following a popular revolution in the year 508 BC. [3] The term democracy first introduced by Aristotle as a form of government, the government outlined that power rests in the hands of the people (the people). [4] Abraham Lincoln in a speech Gettysburgnya defines democracy as "government of the people, by the people and for the people ". [5] This means that the supreme power in a democratic system is in the hands of the people and the people have rights, equal opportunities and a voice in regulating government policy. [6] Through democracy, decisions are taken by majority vote majority. [7]
Democracy was formed into a system of government in response to the public in Athens who want to voice their opinions. [5] With the system of democracy, one party absolute power through tyranny, dictatorship and authoritarian rule can be avoided. [5] Democracy provides for freedom of speech people, but in the early days of the formation of yet everyone can express their opinions but only men only. [8] In the meantime, women, slaves, foreigners and residents whose parents are not the people of Athens did not have the rights to it. [9] [8]
In Indonesia, the national movement also envisioned the establishment of the anti-democratic character of feudalism and anti-imperialism, in order to establish a socialist society. [10] Gus Dur, a cornerstone of democracy is justice, in the sense of opening up opportunities to all people, and the mean also the autonomy or independence of the person concerned to organize his life, according to what he wants. [11] The issue of justice is important, in the sense that every person has the right to determine their own way of life, but such rights must be respected and given the opportunity and assistance to achieve it. [11]
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history of democracy
Before the term democracy invented by the Greeks, the simplest form of democracy has been discovered since 4000 BC in Mesopotamia. [9] At that time, the Sumerians had several independent city-state. [9] In every city of the country people often gather to discuss a issues and decisions were taken by consensus or agreement. [9]
It was only in 508 BC, the population of Athens in Greece form a system of government that was the forerunner of modern democracy. [9] Greece at that time consisted of 1,500 city states (poleis) are small and independent. [12] [3] The city-state has a system Different governments, there is an oligarchy, monarchy, tyranny and democracy. [3] Among them are Athena, the city tried a new governance model that time is direct democracy. [13] The originator of the first democracy was Solon , a poet and statesman. [3] The constitutional reform package which he wrote in 594 BC became the basis for democracy in Athens but Solon did not succeed to make changes. [3] Democracy can only be achieved by Kleisthenes hundred years later, a nobleman of Athens. [3] In a democracy, there is no representation in the government reverse any person representing himself with an opinion and choose the policy. [14] But of the approximately 150,000 residents of Athens, just a fifth which can be people and voice their opinions. [8]
Democracy is then copied by the Romans in 510 BC to 27 BC. [9] used the democratic system is a representative democracy where there are few representatives of the nobles in the Senate and the representatives of the common people in the Assembly. [14]
Democratic forms
Generally, there are two forms of democracy are direct democracy and representative democracy. [5]
Direct Democracy
Direct democracy is a form of democracy where all people vote or opinion in determining a decision. [5] In this system, each of the people represent themselves in choosing a policy so that they have a direct influence on the political situation that occurred. [5] The democratic system directly used in the early days of the emergence of democracy in Athens, where when there is a problem that must be resolved, all the people gathered together to discuss it. [5] In the modern era this system would be impractical because the general population of a country is quite large and assembled all the people in the forum are difficult. [5] In addition, this system requires high participation of the people, while modern people tend not to have time to learn all the political problems of the country. [5]
Representative democracy
In a representative democracy, all the people elect representatives through elections to express their opinions and make decisions for them. [5]
Democratic principles
People can freely express their aspirations in politics and social policy.
Democratic principles and prerequisites of the establishment of democracy has been accommodated in the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. [15] The principles of democracy, can be seen from the opinion Almadudi which became known as the "cornerstone of democracy". [16] According to him, the principles of democracy is : [16]
1. Sovereignty of the people;
2. Government based on the consent of the governed;
3. Majority rule;
4. Minority rights;
5. Guarantees of human rights;
6. Elections free, fair, and honest;
7. Equality before the law;
8. Due process of law;
9. Government restrictions are constitutional;
10. Pluralism social, economic and political;
11. Values of tolerance, pragmatism, cooperation, and consensus.
Basic principles of democracy
The basic idea or the basic idea of a democratic government is the recognition of human nature, that humans have essentially the same capabilities in social relationships. [17] Based on the basic idea is there are two basic principles of democracy, namely: [17]
1. The recognition of citizen participation in government, the election of representatives of the people for the people directly representative institutions, public, free, and confidential and honest and fair, and
2. Recognition of the nature and dignity of man, for example, the government action to protect human rights for the sake of the common good.
The characteristics of democratic government
Elections are directly reflect a good democracy
During its development, democracy becomes an order is received and used by almost all countries in the world. [4] The characteristics of a democratic government is as follows: [4]
1. The involvement of citizens (the people) in the political decision-making, either directly or indirectly (representative).
2. The recognition, respect and protection of human rights of the people (citizens).
3. The existence of equal rights for all citizens in all fields.
4. Judicial institutions and an independent judiciary as a law enforcement tool
5. Having the freedom and liberty for all citizens.
6. The existence of the press (media) are free to convey information and control behavior and government policy.
7. The existence of a general election to elect representatives who sit on people's representative institutions.
8. The existence of free elections, fair, to determine (choose) heads of state and government as well as members of the legislature.
9. Keragamaan the recognition of differences (ethnic, religious, class, and so on).
Democracy is a political form of government that government power comes from the people, either directly (direct democracy) or through representatives (representative democracy). [1] The term comes from the Greek δημοκρατία - (Demokratia) "people's power", [2] formed from the word δῆμος (Demos) "people" and κράτος (Kratos) "power", referring to the political system that emerged in the mid-5th and 4 BC in the ancient Greek city states, notably Athens following a popular revolution in the year 508 BC. [3] The term democracy first introduced by Aristotle as a form of government, the government outlined that power rests in the hands of the people (the people). [4] Abraham Lincoln in a speech Gettysburgnya defines democracy as "government of the people, by the people and for the people ". [5] This means that the supreme power in a democratic system is in the hands of the people and the people have rights, equal opportunities and a voice in regulating government policy. [6] Through democracy, decisions are taken by majority vote majority. [7]
Democracy was formed into a system of government in response to the public in Athens who want to voice their opinions. [5] With the system of democracy, one party absolute power through tyranny, dictatorship and authoritarian rule can be avoided. [5] Democracy provides for freedom of speech people, but in the early days of the formation of yet everyone can express their opinions but only men only. [8] In the meantime, women, slaves, foreigners and residents whose parents are not the people of Athens did not have the rights to it. [9] [8]
In Indonesia, the national movement also envisioned the establishment of the anti-democratic character of feudalism and anti-imperialism, in order to establish a socialist society. [10] Gus Dur, a cornerstone of democracy is justice, in the sense of opening up opportunities to all people, and the mean also the autonomy or independence of the person concerned to organize his life, according to what he wants. [11] The issue of justice is important, in the sense that every person has the right to determine their own way of life, but such rights must be respected and given the opportunity and assistance to achieve it. [11]
•
history of democracy
Before the term democracy invented by the Greeks, the simplest form of democracy has been discovered since 4000 BC in Mesopotamia. [9] At that time, the Sumerians had several independent city-state. [9] In every city of the country people often gather to discuss a issues and decisions were taken by consensus or agreement. [9]
It was only in 508 BC, the population of Athens in Greece form a system of government that was the forerunner of modern democracy. [9] Greece at that time consisted of 1,500 city states (poleis) are small and independent. [12] [3] The city-state has a system Different governments, there is an oligarchy, monarchy, tyranny and democracy. [3] Among them are Athena, the city tried a new governance model that time is direct democracy. [13] The originator of the first democracy was Solon , a poet and statesman. [3] The constitutional reform package which he wrote in 594 BC became the basis for democracy in Athens but Solon did not succeed to make changes. [3] Democracy can only be achieved by Kleisthenes hundred years later, a nobleman of Athens. [3] In a democracy, there is no representation in the government reverse any person representing himself with an opinion and choose the policy. [14] But of the approximately 150,000 residents of Athens, just a fifth which can be people and voice their opinions. [8]
Democracy is then copied by the Romans in 510 BC to 27 BC. [9] used the democratic system is a representative democracy where there are few representatives of the nobles in the Senate and the representatives of the common people in the Assembly. [14]
Democratic forms
Generally, there are two forms of democracy are direct democracy and representative democracy. [5]
Direct Democracy
Direct democracy is a form of democracy where all people vote or opinion in determining a decision. [5] In this system, each of the people represent themselves in choosing a policy so that they have a direct influence on the political situation that occurred. [5] The democratic system directly used in the early days of the emergence of democracy in Athens, where when there is a problem that must be resolved, all the people gathered together to discuss it. [5] In the modern era this system would be impractical because the general population of a country is quite large and assembled all the people in the forum are difficult. [5] In addition, this system requires high participation of the people, while modern people tend not to have time to learn all the political problems of the country. [5]
Representative democracy
In a representative democracy, all the people elect representatives through elections to express their opinions and make decisions for them. [5]
Democratic principles
People can freely express their aspirations in politics and social policy.
Democratic principles and prerequisites of the establishment of democracy has been accommodated in the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. [15] The principles of democracy, can be seen from the opinion Almadudi which became known as the "cornerstone of democracy". [16] According to him, the principles of democracy is : [16]
1. Sovereignty of the people;
2. Government based on the consent of the governed;
3. Majority rule;
4. Minority rights;
5. Guarantees of human rights;
6. Elections free, fair, and honest;
7. Equality before the law;
8. Due process of law;
9. Government restrictions are constitutional;
10. Pluralism social, economic and political;
11. Values of tolerance, pragmatism, cooperation, and consensus.
Basic principles of democracy
The basic idea or the basic idea of a democratic government is the recognition of human nature, that humans have essentially the same capabilities in social relationships. [17] Based on the basic idea is there are two basic principles of democracy, namely: [17]
1. The recognition of citizen participation in government, the election of representatives of the people for the people directly representative institutions, public, free, and confidential and honest and fair, and
2. Recognition of the nature and dignity of man, for example, the government action to protect human rights for the sake of the common good.
The characteristics of democratic government
Elections are directly reflect a good democracy
During its development, democracy becomes an order is received and used by almost all countries in the world. [4] The characteristics of a democratic government is as follows: [4]
1. The involvement of citizens (the people) in the political decision-making, either directly or indirectly (representative).
2. The recognition, respect and protection of human rights of the people (citizens).
3. The existence of equal rights for all citizens in all fields.
4. Judicial institutions and an independent judiciary as a law enforcement tool
5. Having the freedom and liberty for all citizens.
6. The existence of the press (media) are free to convey information and control behavior and government policy.
7. The existence of a general election to elect representatives who sit on people's representative institutions.
8. The existence of free elections, fair, to determine (choose) heads of state and government as well as members of the legislature.
9. Keragamaan the recognition of differences (ethnic, religious, class, and so on).
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